Gastrointestinal emergencies are a frequent prehospital complaint.  An understanding of life-threatening abdominal problems and how to deal with them is essential.  This module will discusses a wide variety of problems that arise within the gastrointestinal system.

The urinary system performs a number of vital functions, including maintaining blood volume and the proper balance of water, electrolytes, and pH. It also ensures that key substances such as glucose remain in the bloodstream. In addition, it removes a variety of toxic wastes from the blood, plays a major role in arterial blood-pressure regulation, and controls the development of red blood cells.  This module will present a number of the common disorders of the urinary system.