Dexamethasone

• Dexamethasone

• Decadron

Classification:

• Corticosteroid

Mechanism of Action:

• A synthetic steroid chemically related to the natural hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex
• Potent anti-inflammatory properties
• Reduces cerebral edema (the mechanism and extent is still unclear)

Indications:

• Anaphylaxis
• Acute exacerbation of asthma/COPD
• Cerebral edema
• Various inflammatory conditions
  

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity (to steroids or benzyl alcohol or sodium sulfite)

Precautions:

• A single dose is all that should be given
• Long term steroid therapy can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, prolonged wound healing, and suppression of adrenocortical steroids

Adverse Effects:

• CNS:    Seizures, HA, vertigo
• CVS:    CHF, HTN
• GI:    Nausea, hemorrhage, ABD distension
• Sodium and water retention, hypokalemia and impaired wound healing

Dose:

• 8 - 12 mg IVP is common
• Usual range is 4 to 24 mg IV or IM

• IV, IM

• Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (CPS)