Phenytoin

• Phenytoin

• Dilantin

Classification:

• Anticonvulsant

Mechanism of Action:

• Produces a voltage and frequency dependent blockade of sodium channels in rapidly discharging nerve cells
• Increases sodium transport out of neurons within the motor cortex, resulting in limited neuron depolarization and the spread of seizure activity is prevented

Indications:

• Seizures
• Status epilepticus refractory to benzodiazepines

Contraindications:

• Known history of hypersensitivity
• Bradycardia
• Heart block
• Patients who take the drug chronically should have their blood level determined prior to administration

Precautions:

• Hypotension
• Extravasation may result in tissue necrosis
• Continuous cardiac monitoring is required

Adverse Effects:

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Hypotension
• Dysrhythmias
• Itching/rash
• Nausea/vomiting
• Prolong use produces gingival hyperplasia

Dose:

• 10-15 mg/kg IV infusion no faster than 50 mg/minute

• IV

• Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (CPS)
• Pharmacology for the Prehospital Provider 2nd Edition